武汉晨 2009-12-10 速览世界 35

　　

　　哥本哈根惊曝“西方密约”

　　

　　据《中国日》道 正在丹麦首都哥本哈根举行的联合国气候峰会9日陷入困扰，原因是英国《卫》披露了一份决议草案，该草案不仅赋予了发达工业国家在未来气候变化问题谈判上更大的话语权，而且还削弱了联合国在此问题上的应有作用，抛弃了《京都议定书》的减排原则。该草案因此引起了发展中国家的强烈不满与抵制。

　　

　　根据英国《卫》的道，这份名为“丹麦提案”（Danish Text）的决议草案实际上是一份“西方密约”，因为它是由包括英国、美国和丹麦在内的几个西方工业发达国家共同起草的。

　　

　　该草案背弃了《京都议定书》规定的由发达国家带头减排、发展中国家毋须强制减排的精神，即“共同但有区别”的原则。根据该草案设定的人均排放标准，发达国家可以比发展中国家多排放一倍的温室气体，即从现在起到2050年，发达国家可人均累积排放2.67吨温室气体，而发展中国家人均只可累积排放1.44吨。

　　

　　此外，该草案还将应付气候变化的融资拨款大权交给了西方国家主导的世界银行。这样一来，发达国家便拥有了一项特殊权利——可以根据发展中国家的“实际表现”来决定是否向其提供资金援助。

　　

　　道还说，为了实现它们的“如意算盘”，发达国家还决定通过扶持一些所谓的“最脆弱国家”来进一步分化与瓦解发展中国家。

　　

　　由于这份决议草案明显是在“劫贫济富”，草案的内容一经公布立即引发了强烈的不满。

　　

　　在进行了闭门磋商以后，七十七国集团轮值主席、苏丹常驻联合国副代表迪亚平8日19点（北京时间9日凌晨2点）召开新闻发布会，表示坚决反对该草案中的内容。“我们不能承受谈判破裂的危险，但是，我们不会签署不平等的协议，我们也不能让世界上80%的人口继续承受苦难与不公正待遇。”

　　

　　在被问及此事时，中国代表团副团长、发改委气候司司长苏伟表示，中国还没有看到这份草案因此无法表态，但是中国绝不接受对发展中国家不利的决议。

　　

　　链接 中国碳排放峰值年份：2030～2040

　　

　　科技部部长万钢7日表示，中国温室气体排放将在2030年至2040年间达到顶峰，他希望中国能在此时间范围内尽可能早地达到峰值。这也是中国部长级官员首次公开预估中国碳排放的峰值年份。丹麦此前提出的一份大会草案要将全球排放峰值年定为2025年，遭到以中国、印度为首的发展中国家强烈反对。

Copenhagen climate summit in disarray after 'Danish text' leak　　

　　Developing countries react furiously to leaked draft agreement that would hand more power to rich nations, sideline the UN's negotiating role and abandon the Kyoto protocol

• Read the 'Danish text'
• In pictures: Copenhagen day two

Comments (…) Buzz up! Digg it John Vidal in Copenhagen guardian.co.uk, Tuesday 8 December 2009 14.09 GMT 　　

　　A Haitian delegation rests before the second-day session begins in Copenhagen. Photograph: Attila Kisbenedek/AFP/Getty Images

　　

　　The UN Copenhagen climate talks are in disarray today after developing countries reacted furiously to leaked documents that show world leaders will next week be asked to sign an agreement that hands more power to rich countries and sidelines the UN's role in all future climate change negotiations.

　　

　　The document is also being interpreted by developing countries as setting unequal limits on per capita carbon emissions for developed and developing countries in 2050; meaning that people in rich countries would be permitted to emit nearly twice as much under the proposals.

　　

　　The so-called Danish text, a secret draft agreement worked on by a group of individuals known as "the circle of commitment" – but understood to include the UK, US and Denmark – has only been shown to a handful of countries since it was finalised this week.

　　

　　The agreement, leaked to the Guardian, is a departure from the Kyoto protocol's principle that rich nations, which have emitted the bulk of the CO2, should take on firm and binding commitments to reduce greenhouse gases, while poorer nations were not compelled to act. The draft hands effective control of climate change finance to the World Bank; would abandon the Kyoto protocol – the only legally binding treaty that the world has on emissions reductions; and would make any money to help poor countries adapt to climate change dependent on them taking a range of actions.

　　

　　The document was described last night by one senior diplomat as "a very dangerous document for developing countries. It is a fundamental reworking of the UN balance of obligations. It is to be superimposed without discussion on the talks".

　　

　　A confidential analysis of the text by developing countries also seen by the Guardian shows deep unease over details of the text. In particular, it is understood to:

　　

　　• Force developing countries to agree to specific emission cuts and measures that were not part of the original UN agreement;

　　

　　• Divide poor countries further by creating a new category of developing countries called "the most vulnerable";

　　

　　• Weaken the UN's role in handling climate finance;

　　

　　• Not allow poor countries to emit more than 1.44 tonnes of carbon per person by 2050, while allowing rich countries to emit 2.67 tonnes.

　　

　　Developing countries that have seen the text are understood to be furious that it is being promoted by rich countries without their knowledge and without discussion in the negotiations.

　　

　　"It is being done in secret. Clearly the intention is to get [Barack] Obama and the leaders of other rich countries to muscle it through when they arrive next week. It effectively is the end of the UN process," said one diplomat, who asked to remain nameless.

　　

　　Antonio Hill, climate policy adviser for Oxfam International, said: "This is only a draft but it highlights the risk that when the big countries come together, the small ones get hurting. On every count the emission cuts need to be scaled up. It allows too many loopholes and does not suggest anything like the 40% cuts that science is saying is needed."

　　

　　Hill continued: "It proposes a green fund to be run by a board but the big risk is that it will run by the World Bank and the Global Environment Facility [a partnership of 10 agencies including the World Bank and the UN Environment Programme] and not the UN. That would be a step backwards, and it tries to put constraints on developing countries when none were negotiated in earlier UN climate talks."

　　

　　The text was intended by Denmark and rich countries to be a working framework, which would be adapted by countries over the next week. It is particularly inflammatory because it sidelines the UN negotiating process and suggests that rich countries are desperate for world leaders to have a text to work from when they arrive next week.

　　

　　Few numbers or figures are included in the text because these would be filled in later by world leaders. However, it seeks to hold temperature rises to 2C and mentions the sum of $10bn a year to help poor countries adapt to climate change from 2012-15.

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