关于改革开放和毛泽东时代发展速度比较
关于改革开放和毛泽东时代发展速度比较
作者博客：http://www.sciencenet.cn/blog/huangwd99.htm
《我国国民经济统计资料录编（1949-1981）》，文革前其他数据来源于新中国五十年统计资料汇编（1949-1999），文革后数据来源于国家统计局（http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/）。增长率1代表以1955年为基准毛泽东时代的年均增长率，以1979年为基准的改革开放时代的年均增长率，增长率2代表以1950年为基准解放后每年的年均增长率。
从表可以看出，主要工业产品均是毛泽东时代明显大于改革开放时代，发电量增长率在毛泽东时代>14%，改革开放以后<9%，钢产量增长率在毛泽东时代>10%，改革开放以后，大部分时间仅6%左右，近几年大搞城市建设和房地产，增长较快，达到10%，硫酸产量增长率在毛泽东时代>13%，改革开放以后<8％。粮食产量在改革开放初还与之前相当，近几年明显比毛泽东时代低。然而，两个时代更重要的区别是，毛泽东时代创造的财富都归中国人民，现在中国人民生产的财富还有多少归中国人民。
一些人因为毛泽东时代还是商品短缺时代，就否定毛泽东时代的成绩。然而，毛泽东时代开始时，我们是一穷二白，老百姓生活条件很差，到改革开放前，有了极大改善。我们比较不同时代，只能通过增长率进行比较，不能比较生活水平。如果改革开放以后，生活水平下降，那等于经济不发展，还倒退。这种情况通常只会发生在战争时期。毛泽东时代还发生过浮夸风，虽然毛泽东主席需要负领导责任，但直接责任人是刘少奇，否则经济发展还会更好。有关刘少奇责任可参考：
黄岭峻：刘少奇与大跃进
[InstallDir_ChannelDir]Class14/200604/5697.html
还清白于毛泽东-把真实的历史告诉人民（旧文）
[InstallDir_ChannelDir]Class14/200807/45862.html
发电量
钢
年度
产量
亿kwh
增长率1
增长率2
产量
万吨
增长率1
增长率2
1950
45.70
59.58
1951
59.21
29.56%
85.96
44.28%
1952
72.23
25.72%
128.49
46.85%
1953
85.35
23.15%
165.46
40.56%
1954
106.51
23.56%
207.10
36.54%
1955
121.00
21.50%
257.70
34.03%
1956
155.46
28.48%
22.64%
411.40
59.64%
37.99%
1957
184.33
23.43%
22.05%
499.00
39.15%
35.47%
1958
261.93
29.36%
24.39%
800.00
45.88%
38.36%
1959
397.43
34.62%
27.17%
1246.00
48.29%
40.19%
1960
554.17
35.57%
28.34%
1672.00
45.35%
39.58%
1961
434.40
23.74%
22.72%
831.00
21.55%
27.07%
1962
444.82
20.44%
20.88%
633.00
13.70%
21.77%
1963
452.36
17.92%
19.28%
725.00
13.80%
21.19%
1964
515.95
17.48%
18.90%
917.00
15.15%
21.56%
1965
659.41
18.48%
19.48%
1176.00
16.39%
22.00%
1966
758.51
18.16%
19.19%
1461.00
17.09%
22.14%
1967
711.00
15.90%
17.52%
973.00
11.71%
17.86%
1968
664.00
13.99%
16.03%
891.40
10.02%
16.22%
1969
870.00
15.13%
16.77%
1288.30
12.18%
17.56%
1970
1130.00
16.06%
17.40%
1753.10
13.64%
18.42%
1971
1264.00
15.79%
17.13%
2016.00
13.72%
18.26%
1972
1402.00
15.50%
16.84%
2230.00
13.53%
17.90%
1973
1524.00
15.11%
16.47%
2386.70
13.16%
17.40%
1974
1550.00
14.36%
15.82%
2003.00
11.40%
15.77%
1975
1931.00
14.85%
16.15%
2345.00
11.67%
15.82%
1976
1924.00
14.08%
15.47%
1937.00
10.08%
14.33%
1977
2111.00
13.88%
15.25%
2211.00
10.26%
14.32%
1978
2547.00
14.16%
15.44%
3112.00
11.44%
15.17%
1979
2819.00
15.27%
3448.00
15.02%
1980
3006.00
6.63%
14.97%
3712.00
7.66%
14.77%
1981
3093.00
4.75%
14.56%
3560.00
1.61%
14.10%
1982
3277.00
5.15%
14.28%
3716.00
2.53%
13.79%
1983
3514.00
5.66%
14.06%
4002.00
3.80%
13.60%
1984
3746.00
5.85%
13.84%
4337.00
4.69%
13.44%
1985
4073.00
6.33%
13.69%
4666.00
5.17%
13.27%
1986
4455.00
6.76%
13.57%
5205.00
6.06%
13.22%
1987
4960.00
7.32%
13.51%
5602.00
6.25%
13.07%
1988
5430.00
7.56%
13.40%
5918.00
6.19%
12.86%
1989
5820.00
7.52%
13.23%
6124.00
5.91%
12.61%
1990
6180.00
7.40%
13.05%
6604.00
6.09%
12.49%
1991
6750.00
7.55%
12.96%
7057.00
6.15%
12.35%
1992
7470.00
7.78%
12.90%
8000.00
6.69%
12.37%
1993
8200.00
7.93%
12.83%
8868.00
6.98%
12.34%
1994
9200.00
8.20%
12.81%
9153.00
6.73%
12.12%
1995
10000.00
8.24%
12.72%
9400.00
6.47%
11.90%
1996
10750.00
8.19%
12.60%
10110.00
6.53%
11.81%
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
16540
8.00%
12.00%
18155
9.48%
11.63%
2003
19107
8.30%
12.06%
22234
9.73%
11.82%
2004
21870
8.54%
12.11%
27279
9.98%
12.01%
2005
24747
8.71%
12.12%
35239
10.34%
12.30%
2006
28344
8.92%
12.17%
42266
10.52%
12.44%
2007
32777
9.16%
12.23%
48966
10.62%
12.50%
硫酸
粮食
年度
产量万吨
增长率1
增长率2
产量万吨
增长率1
增长率2
1950
6.90
13215
1951
14.90
115.94%
14370
8.74%
1952
19.00
65.94%
16390
11.37%
1953
26.00
55.61%
16685
8.08%
1954
34.40
49.43%
16950
6.42%
1955
37.50
40.29%
18395
6.84%
1956
51.70
37.87%
39.89%
19275
4.78%
6.49%
1957
63.20
29.82%
37.22%
19505
2.97%
5.72%
1958
74.40
25.66%
34.61%
20000
2.83%
5.32%
1959
106.10
29.69%
35.48%
17000
-1.95%
2.84%
1960
133.00
28.81%
34.43%
14350
-4.85%
0.83%
1961
90.40
15.79%
26.35%
14750
-3.61%
1.00%
1962
96.80
14.51%
24.62%
16000
-1.97%
1.61%
1963
130.60
16.88%
25.38%
17000
-0.98%
1.96%
1964
170.40
18.32%
25.74%
19250
0.51%
2.72%
1965
234.00
20.09%
26.48%
19450
0.56%
2.61%
1966
290.90
20.47%
26.34%
21400
1.39%
3.06%
1967
198.30
14.89%
21.84%
21780
1.42%
2.98%
1968
141.50
10.76%
18.27%
20905
0.99%
2.58%
1969
234.30
13.98%
20.39%
21095
0.98%
2.49%
1970
291.40
14.65%
20.58%
23995
1.79%
3.03%
1971
357.98
15.14%
20.69%
25015
1.94%
3.09%
1972
400.50
14.95%
20.27%
24050
1.59%
2.76%
1973
468.10
15.06%
20.12%
26495
2.05%
3.07%
1974
442.70
13.87%
18.93%
27525
2.14%
3.10%
1975
484.70
13.65%
18.54%
28450
2.20%
3.11%
1976
450.80
12.57%
17.44%
28630
2.13%
3.02%
1977
537.50
12.87%
17.51%
28275
1.97%
2.86%
1978
661.00
13.29%
17.70%
30475
2.22%
3.03%
1979
700.00
17.27%
33211
3.23%
1980
764.00
9.14%
16.99%
31822.00
-4.18%
2.97%
1981
781.00
5.63%
16.48%
32502
-1.07%
2.95%
1982
817.00
5.29%
16.09%
35343
2.10%
3.12%
1983
870.00
5.59%
15.79%
38728
3.92%
3.31%
1984
813.00
3.04%
15.06%
40712
4.16%
3.36%
1985
669.00
-0.75%
13.96%
37898
2.22%
3.06%
1986
751.00
1.01%
13.91%
39109
2.36%
3.06%
1987
962.00
4.05%
14.28%
40241
2.43%
3.06%
1988
1098.00
5.13%
14.27%
39401
1.92%
2.92%
1989
1141.00
5.01%
13.99%
40745
2.07%
2.93%
1990
1169.00
4.77%
13.69%
43500
2.48%
3.02%
1991
1314.00
5.39%
13.66%
43524
2.28%
2.95%
1992
1396.00
5.45%
13.48%
44258
2.23%
2.92%
1993
1314.00
4.60%
12.98%
45644
2.30%
2.92%
1994
1495.00
5.19%
13.00%
44450
1.96%
2.80%
1995
1741.00
5.86%
13.08%
46500
2.13%
2.84%
1996
1889.00
6.01%
12.98%
49000
2.31%
2.89%
1997
49250
2.21%
2.84%
1998
49000
2.07%
2.77%
1999
50800
2.15%
2.79%
2000
46251
1.59%
2.54%
2001
45262
1.42%
2.44%
2002
3050
6.61%
12.43%
45711
1.40%
2.42%
2003
3371
6.77%
12.39%
43067
1.09%
2.25%
2004
3994
7.21%
12.50%
46947
1.39%
2.38%
2005
4529
7.45%
12.52%
48401
1.46%
2.39%
2006
4981
7.54%
12.47%
49746
1.51%
2.40%
2007
5500
7.64%
12.44%
50150
1.48%
2.37%
条留言